Why does interception decrease during a storm?
Ava Arnold
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High winds during a storm event can mechanically shake precipitation from the canopy and thus reduce interception loss. Winds during evaporation can either shake precipitation loose or increase the rate of evaporation and decrease the time until maximum interception capacity is attained.
What factors affect interception loss?
- (i) Type of Vegetation:
- (ii) Wind Velocity:
- (iii) Duration of Storm:
- (iv) Intensity of Storm:
- (v) Season of the Year:
- (vi) Climate of the Area:
How does wind affect interception?
5, interception is independent of wind velocity. Von Heuveldop (1973) even found a decrease of interception with wind velocity and Calder and Wright (1986) found the resistance to evaporation independent of wind velocity, although wind velocity should increase the evaporation rate and thus interception loss.
What is interception loss?
Interception loss is that portion. of the precipitation which is returned to the. atmosphere through evaporation from plant. surfaces or is absorbed into the plant.
Why does the amount of interception vary from place to place?
Interception is dependent on vegetation and surface variations. Trees will intercept more water than bare soil. Tarmac will intercept less than grass. Porous soils such as sand and porous rock such as chalk will allow greater infiltration than clay or gneiss.
Understanding Radial Interception
How does interception reduces the amount of water entering the hydrological cycle?
Overall, we can conclude that interception has different roles in the hydrological cycle. ... Second, interception influences the spatial distribution of infiltration. This has large influences on the soil moisture pattern and on subsurface flow paths. Finally, interception redistributes the water flows in time.
How does interception affect transpiration?
We conclude that interception mainly works as an intensifier of the local hydrological cycle during wet spells and wet seasons. On the other hand, transpiration remains active during dry spells and dry seasons and is transported over much larger distances downwind, where it can act as a significant source of moisture.
How does interception affect flooding?
This interception increases lag time and reduces the risk of a flood. Indeed, deforestation (the removal of trees) can increase soil erosion, reduce interception and increase flood risk. Afforestation, where trees are planted, can have the opposite effect.
How is interception affected by deforestation?
Interception rates are affected – Tropical forests in particular are multi layered and catch huge volumes of rainfall falling from the sky. This is delivered to the forest floor via stemflow and through fall from leaves. This would stop and water would fall directly onto the forest floor. 5.
What does the process of interception do?
Interception refers to all processes that prevent rainfall from immediately reaching the soil. Vegetation intercepts water in two ways: by catching rainfall on leaf surfaces throughout the canopy, and through the litter that it deposits on the ground.
How does interception impact erosion?
Their needles gives them more surface area for droplets to adhere to, and they have foliage in spring and fall, therefore interception also depends on the type of vegetation in a wooded area. ... Interception may increase erosion or reduce it depending on the throughfall effects.
How interception affects the water balance of a catchment?
Interception has no impact on precipitation, none on soil water storage, and so it does not change the values for evapotranspiration during the summer. The resulting interception losses, therefore, have an effect on flows only during the winter period and can be estimated only within that framework.
What is rainfall interception?
Rainfall interception is the fraction of rain that falls onto vegetation but never reaches the ground, instead evaporating from the wet canopy.
What is interception loss in hydrology?
Interception loss: The water that is retained by vegetation surfaces that is later evaporated into the atmosphere, or absorbed by the plant. Interception loss prevents water from reaching the ground surface and is regarded as a primary water loss.
How does vegetation type affect interception?
Vegetation increases the amount of water returned to the air — not only by interception and then evaporation, but also by transpiration . ... Over land areas it is also difficult to separate the effects of evaporation and transpiration , so the two are usually combined into one parameter, called evapotranspiration .
How is interception loss measured?
Interception measurements
Interception is most easily measured by comparing rainfall underneath vegetation cover (like a woodland canopy) with rainfall where there in no vegatation cover. Place several identical rain gauges in the contrasting areas – don't just use one rain gauge per area.
How do trees intercept rainfall?
Firstly, water is taken up by tree roots from the soil and evaporated through the pores or stomata on the surface of leaves. ... The second process is the interception of water by the surfaces of leaves, branches and trunks during rainfall, and its subsequent evaporation.
What is interception and how is it changed by deforestation?
When rain falls on forests the water is intercepted by the forest canopy. Some of this intercepted water is returned to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration (release of water vapor into the atmosphere through stomata on tree leaves) while the rest is returned to the ocean as river runoff.
How much rainfall do trees intercept?
produce more benefits through water quality protection than flood control. ONE OF OUR STUDIES FOUND that a typical medium-sized tree can intercept as much as 2380 gallons of rainfall per year.
What decreases flood risk?
Heavy rainfall - if there is heavy rainfall there is less chance of it being soaked up by the soil (infiltration ) so it runs off into the river. The faster the water reaches the river, the more likely it will flood. ... Lots of vegetation reduces flood risk. Sometimes people cut down trees (deforestation ).
What factors affect flooding?
- heavy rainfall.
- long periods of rain.
- snowmelt.
- steep slopes.
- impermeable rock (doesn't allow water through)
- very wet, saturated soils.
- compacted or dry soil.
Why does land use changes increase flood risk?
Increasing frequency and magnitude of flooding is perceived to be partly caused by changes in rural land use management, for example deforestation, land drainage and intensification of crop cycles and animal stocking.
Is interception a store or flow?
Stores include puddles, rivers, lakes (surface storage), glaciers, soil storage and groundwater storage along with water stored on vegetation (interception) following precipitation. Transfers or flows include percolation, overland flow, infiltration, stemflow, throughflow and overland flow.
What is the difference between infiltration and interception?
The highest level of interception occurs when it snows on conifer forests and hardwood forests that have not yet lost their leaves. Infiltration is the physical process involving movement of water through the boundary area where the atmosphere interfaces with the soil.
What would cause an increase in surface runoff?
In addition to increasing imperviousness, removal of vegetation and soil, grading the land surface, and constructing drainage networks increase runoff volumes and shorten runoff time into streams from rainfall and snowmelt. As a result, the peak discharge, volume, and frequency of floods increase in nearby streams.
